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Objective: To isolate and purify the Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) and investigate its structure characterization and anti-oxidant activity. Methods: CPP was extracted by heating reflux, crud polysaccharide was refined and then isolated by hollow fiber ultrafiltration experimental device, the anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharides was studied by in vivo and in vitro methods. Results: CPP was purified and obtained three ingredients named CPP1, CPP2, and CPP3. The anti-oxidant activity in vitro showed that CPP3 had the strongest scavenging ability on DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion. In vivo study showed that high dose group of CPP3 had obvious protective effect on the mice induced by D-galactose. Conclusion: CPP has obvious anti-oxidant function. This study provides the theoretical basis for the development of CPP functional food.
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Objective: To optimize the extraction process of polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula and determine the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution, in order to provide the basis for further separation of C. pilosula polysaccharide. Methods: The content of polysaccharide in C. pilosula was determined by phenol sulfuric acid method, the extraction process of polysaccharide was optimized by orthogonal test. C. pilosula polysaccharides were prepared from crude polysaccharides by deproteinization, decoloration, dialysis, and lyophilization, then monosaccharide composition and mean molecular mass of C. pilosula polysaccharides were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Results: The extraction temperature was 85 ℃, the extraction time was 1.5 h per time, twice, and solid to liquid ratio was 1:12. Under these conditions, the yield of polysaccharides was 22.57%. The polysaccharides were consisted by glucuronic acid, aminogalactose, xylose, and small quantities of mannose, the average molecular mass was 21 498. Conclusion: This study provides a theoretical basis for the classification and activity of polysaccharide from C. pilosula.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To screen polymorphisms in the upstream region of S100A8 gene and to detect whether the polymorphisms were associated with aggressive periodontitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty aggressive periodontitis patients and twenty-eight healthy controls were recruited for the study with informed consent. All subjects were of Chinese descent and systemically healthy. The regions about 800 bp upstream from the ATG start codon in exon 2 of the S100A8 gene of 10 patients and 8 controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed by direct sequencing. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 94 bp upstream from the ATG start codon was selected, and then the shorter regions (about 250 bp upstream from the ATG start codon) of the rest subjects were also amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing. The frequency of the SNP and the distribution of the genotype were detected and compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A nucleotide substitution (A-->G) at 94 bp upstream from the ATG start codon was demonstrated in Chinese, which was in a cis-acting element, named gamma interferon response element (gamma-IRE) in intron 1 of S100A8 gene. All of the subjects that carried the polymorphism were heterozygous. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of allele 2 (corresponding to the nucleotide G) between patients and controls (11.7% vs. 17.9%, chi2 = 0.887, P > 0.05). The prevalence of the heterozygous genotype was 23.2% and 35.7% (chi2 = 1.07, P > 0.05) in patients and controls, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This is the first report that a nucleotide substitution of S100A8 gene was demonstrated in Chinese. The frequencies of allele 2 and heterozygous genotype were lower in patients, but there is no statistically significant difference between the aggressive periodontitis patients and healthy controls in this preliminary study.</p>